How to find out when your period will start. When does ovulation occur? What are the main signs of the imminent onset of menstruation

Menstruation is a sign of a woman's ability to bear children, which manifests itself throughout the entire reproductive period (from menarche to menopause). The mechanism inherent in the female body by nature monthly prepares the reproductive system for the fertilization of the egg and the development of the embryo.

If, for some reason, conception did not occur, the waste products of the reproductive system are excreted from the body with a small amount of blood through the vagina, in preparation for the maturation of a new egg. This process is menstruation.

Despite the cyclic nature of the process, the onset of bleeding is often unexpected. The article discusses the main symptoms and signs of premenstrual syndrome, the main symptoms that menstruation will begin soon. You can also learn how to determine the onset of menstruation, how to find out when menstruation begins and why some women experience severe premenstrual syndrome with pain in the lower abdomen, when it hurts and pulls in the lower abdomen, when chest pains and other painful symptoms appear before menstruation. symptoms.

How to determine when the first day of menstruation begins, the main phases of menstruation

One reproductive cycle lasts an average of 28 days, which coincides with the length of the lunar month. The number of days may be a little more or less, however, regardless of the length of the cycle, its course should be stable. But how to determine, how to understand that menstruation will begin soon, how to determine that menstruation will begin soon? The onset of monthly bleeding helps to determine the internal processes in the reproductive system that give the woman certain signals.

The menstrual cycle is usually divided into phases. The first phase begins with the appearance of blood discharge. First to fifth days of the menstrual cycle. Under the influence of a decrease in the concentration of progesterone in the blood, the epithelium (endometrium) inside the uterus dies. It forms the basis of monthly discharge.

At the same time, a follicle containing the future egg develops in one of the ovaries. Its development occurs under the influence of an increase in the level of estrogen produced by the organs of internal secretion under the influence of the hypothalamus. When the hormone level is sufficient, the next stage begins. Fifth to fourteenth days of menstruation. Menstruation stops these days. Mucous discharge comes out of the cervical canal. The concentration of estrogen is maximum, which allows the follicle to open, and the egg goes into the fallopian tubes, where it should be fertilized. Fifteenth-twenty-third days of menstruation. If conception does not occur, estrogen levels decrease. The empty follicle transforms into the corpus luteum, which begins to produce progesterone. The course of the next stage of the cycle depends on its level. Twenty-third to twenty-eighth days of menstruation. Progesterone is necessary for a woman for the normal course of pregnancy and childbirth. If fertilization does not take place, the previous results of the preparation are no longer necessary, and the level of progesterone drops, due to which the uterine mucosa exfoliates and is excreted from the body. A woman feels discomfort, which makes it clear that a new cycle is about to begin.

Symptoms and signs of the onset of menstruation

If a woman does not know how to determine when her period (menstruation) will begin, how to determine exactly when the first day of menstruation begins, then the following symptoms and signs of the onset of menstruation or its approach may be useful to her.

To find out that menstruation will begin soon, it is enough to know the following symptoms of their approach:

• Breast swelling. When pressed, pain may occur, there may be discharge from the nipples.
• On the day of the onset of menstruation, there is a feeling of aching pain in the lower abdomen, which indicates the preparation of the uterus for rejection of the endometrium. Often such sensations are individual, many women may simply not experience them.
• A rash may appear on the skin. This symptom is directly related to changes in the amount of hormones in the body that occur before the onset of menstruation.
• When menstruation should begin, a woman feels painful manifestations in the lumbar region. Quite often, a sign that is related to various processes that occur in the uterus on the eve of menstruation.
• At the time of the arrival of menstruation, there is emptying of the intestines. This phenomenon is not a pathology. In the period of time before the onset of menstruation, the female body tries to remove all unnecessary products. In many cases, if we talk about the painful sensations that can be observed before the onset of menstruation, then they can occur as a result of excessive intestinal overload, while immediately after emptying it, everything goes away.

Pain in the lower abdomen, why does the stomach hurt before menstruation, before the onset of menstruation

The most common sign of early menstruation is pain in the lower abdomen a few days before the onset of bleeding, when before menstruation it slightly aches and hurts in the lower abdomen, sometimes the pain in the lower abdomen before menstruation can be very strong. Also widespread are such harbingers of critical days as headache and dizziness, nausea and even vomiting. A painful premenstrual symptom occurs in many women, but more women note that before menstruation there are mild chest pains, swelling and enlargement of the breast before menstruation, pulling or aching pain in the lower abdomen before menstruation. Only some women have a pronounced pain in the lower abdomen, nausea, headache, when the pain in the head reaches a migraine.

To alleviate this condition, it is recommended to reduce physical activity before menstruation, this solution is often an effective way to get rid of pain in the lower abdomen and other painful symptoms before menstruation, menstruation. Some representatives of the weaker sex suffer from sharp severe pains that limit their usual way of life. It is dangerous to ignore such a picture. A significant deterioration in the condition of a woman before the onset of menstruation requires an appeal to a gynecologist. The doctor will help determine the causes of dysfunction, because it can be caused by infectious diseases, malignant tumors and endometriosis.

Before menstruation, it is important for a woman to remember that pain in the lower abdomen, any pain before menstruation should not be too strong. If abdominal pain before menstruation cannot be tolerated, then such symptoms may indicate the development of a very painful premenstrual syndrome or the development of certain types of gynecological diseases.

Before menstruation, pulling pain in the lower abdomen in some cases is accompanied by nausea, sometimes pain in the abdomen goes along with a headache, dizziness and other painful symptoms are possible.

Chest pain, why it hurts in the chest before menstruation, causes

The mammary glands, which acquire increased sensitivity and discomfort a few days before menstruation, may be prone to diffuse mastopathy. The disease is characterized by the rapid growth of connective tissue in the mammary glands. Because of this, small nodules form in them, but with the onset of bleeding, the symptoms of the disease disappear. Such a course of things reassures many women. At the same time, the recurring symptoms of mastopathy, left unattended, often lead to the development of its serious forms. Detection of signs of this disease requires a consultation with a gynecologist and immediate treatment.

Pain in the chest or pain in the nipples very often accompanies the period before the onset of menstruation, swelling and slight breast enlargement, pulling pain in the chest or discomfort in the mammary glands, all these symptoms, to a greater or lesser extent, are symptoms of PMS before the onset of menstruation. Therefore, the signs and main symptoms of PMS include pain in the mammary glands, mild chest pain, swelling and a slight increase before the onset of menstruation.

Vaginal discharge during menstruation

Depending on the stage of the childbearing cycle, the nature and color of the discharge that does not contain menstrual blood changes. The closer the beginning of menstruation, the thicker and more abundant they are. Absolutely transparent discharge before menstruation during this period indicates the likelihood of cervical erosion and cervicitis. A brown tint of spotting is a sign of disorders inside the uterus caused by endometriosis, polyps, or endometrial hyperplasia. Pathology is also indicated by scarlet discharge before menstruation. Liquid discharge from the vagina, both before and after menstruation, leaving dirty marks on linen, signal endometritis. It is possible to diagnose disorders of the body according to the described signs with the help of a medical examination.

Change in body temperature

A slight increase in body temperature a few days before menstruation is considered normal. However, taking this symptom for the imminent onset of menstruation, a woman may lose sight of the onset of any diseases. Therefore, when you find yourself with a fever, do not be too lazy to consult a gynecologist or therapist.

Basal temperature indicators

Basal temperature also depends on the phase of the menstrual cycle. It is highest at the beginning of the ovulatory period. With the end of blood discharge, it is about 36.5-36.9 degrees Celsius, after which it decreases (2-3 days before ovulation, the temperature is minimal), and then, during the appearance of the egg, it jumps by 0.3-0.6 degrees . The increase in basal temperature is due to the rupture of the follicle and the start of progesterone production. Thus, the second half of the reproductive cycle is characterized by an increased basal temperature, which decreases shortly before the start of a new cycle.

If during the month the temperature level was approximately the same, without fluctuations, this indicates the absence of ovulation in this cycle. This can lead to reproductive disorders, up to infertility. If a schedule that has an ovulatory phase is called biphasic, then in the absence of ovulation it becomes monophasic. Following him, it is impossible to set the date of the next menstruation. This requires a two-phase schedule built over several months (at least three). Note that the measurement of basal temperature gives the most reliable results only if the conditions of the measurement methodology are strictly followed.

When taking hormonal contraceptives, it should be borne in mind that the artificial regulation of the level of sex hormones will affect the thermometer readings, therefore, for women using hormonal contraception, this method will be ineffective.

The ovulatory period is much easier to determine using special tests. With it, you can determine the "fertile window" (the most favorable period for conception, about two days); choose the time for passing certain tests; monitor the presence of hormonal disruptions in the body; calculate the start date of the next menstruation.

Premenstrual syndrome (PMS), a sign of the onset of menstruation

Statistics indicate that 60 to 80 percent of women are affected by premenstrual syndrome, which can also be used to determine the approach of critical days. At the final stage of the menstrual cycle, short-term psychological, cardiovascular and endocrine changes occur in the body. Their expression is individual. Gynecologists explain the manifestation of PMS as a violation of the normal blood levels of progesterone and estrogen. Such an imbalance can occur due to abortion, improper selection of hormonal drugs, pregnancy, which has various pathologies, lack of certain vitamins and minerals.

Symptoms and signs of premenstrual syndrome (PMS)

The most common signs and symptoms of PMS are considered to be sleep disturbance and lack of sleep, abdominal discomfort, nausea with vomiting, slight weight gain, chest, pelvic and lower back pain, irritability, depression, psychological disorders and other disorders. Most of these symptoms are also characteristic of pregnancy, although they have a different nature of their appearance. Menstruation is a sign by which a woman's ability to conceive and give birth to offspring can be determined. At the same time, this phenomenon brings certain physiological and psychological inconveniences, disrupts the harmonious pace of life.

It is important for a woman when exactly she should expect the next bleeding, when exactly menstruation begins, when spotting bloody discharge from the vagina begins to appear. You can determine the approach of menstruation using the menstrual calendar and the signals of your body.

At the same time, some signs are also characteristic of gynecological diseases. Therefore, you should listen to your body, and in case of violations, immediately seek help from a gynecologist.

Most of the female representatives are distressed by the onset of menstruation. And in this regard, how to understand that menstruation will begin soon? To do this, it is necessary to calculate the appearance of critical days, accompanying signs, especially premenstrual syndrome, can help with this. But severe pain can portend serious health problems. That is why it is worth visiting a medical institution.

Determination of the start of menstruation

The reproductive cycle is 28 days. How many days will be allotted for the duration of the entire period depends on the individual characteristics of the organism.

How to understand that menstruation will begin soon? Critical days suggest a special cycle, which is divided into phases. There are 4 of them in total:

1. From the first to the fifth day. With a decrease in the content of progesterone in the blood, the epithelium inside the uterus exfoliates. Thanks to him, there is a selection. This creates a follicle that produces an egg.
2. From the fifth to the fourteenth day. During this period, the menstrual cycle is not observed. Blood clots come out of the cervical canal. The estrogen content exceeds the norm, due to which the follicle opens. At this point, the egg is in the fallopian tube, where it can be fertilized.
3. From 15 to 23 days. If conception has not occurred, then the estrogen level decreases. The devastated follicle becomes similar to the corpus luteum, which is responsible for the appearance of progesterone.
4. From 23 to 28 days. Progesterone is required by the female sex for healthy childbearing and subsequent childbirth.

If conception did not occur, then women will soon find out when menstruation begins. A harbinger of this is the removal of dead cells of the uterine mucosa. At this moment, female representatives feel slight discomfort, which is expressed in certain symptoms. It is this phenomenon that warns of the onset of menstruation.

Symptoms and signs of the onset of menstruation

Finding out how soon menstruation will come is not so difficult, you need to know the main features of the body. Therefore, certain symptoms will help to calculate the beginning of critical days, which must be presented to everyone.

The main harbingers of the menstrual cycle:

1. The mammary glands are slightly enlarged. At the same time, the chest slightly coarsens, and it is also possible to feel pain in this area. There are slight discharge from the nipples, which subsequently transforms into a curd consistency. However, it is very difficult to recognize such phenomena immediately.
2. When menstruation occurs, acute or mild pain in the lower abdomen, because the uterus will soon bring out the endometrium. Basically, this phenomenon accompanies the occurrence of painful sensations, which manifest themselves depending on the characteristics of the body. Sometimes this is associated with a hormonal failure of the system. Thus, the best solution when observing the characteristic symptoms is the qualified help of specialists.
3. On the outer layer of the epidermis, it is possible to observe minor rashes. A similar sign is referred to as hormonal problems before the onset of menstruation.
4. Before the first symptoms of menstruation appear, there is pain in the lower back. Other processes observed before the menstrual cycle can also be considered a frequent occurrence.
5. At the beginning of menstruation, the intestines are released. This stage refers to the necessary reaction of the body. At a specific time interval, shortly before menstruation, the body is freed from excess. Basically, pain during critical days is associated with an excessive load on the intestines. However, with a bowel movement, the discomfort disappears.

Read also 🗓 At what age should menstruation end?

In rare cases, accompanying symptoms or signs are attributed to others. The most common phenomena: good appetite, swelling of the limbs and face. Some female representatives complain of feeling unwell, which they began to call PMS.

Premenstrual syndrome

Men refuse to believe in the presence of premenstrual syndrome. However, women claim that discomfort accompanies them throughout the entire period of menstruation. Health professionals have different opinions about PMS, but women say it helps them detect when their period is approaching. Doctors dealing with the premenstrual period confirm its presence. In addition, they also reveal a variety of this condition.

There are 3 main types of PMS, characterized by specific symptoms:

1. Undermined nervous and psychological state. This variety is associated with an emotional breakdown, irritability, the appearance of depressive disorders, tearfulness, and undermining moral stability. When menstruation appears in a woman, overwork and nervousness, spreading to the environment, can be considered a frequent sign. Symptoms changing each other are normal and do not portend any health problems.
2. Severe swelling. It spreads to the mammary glands, limbs of the arms and legs, and the abdomen. There is also a weakness that affects further activities during the day.
3. This type is the most common. It is expressed mainly in headaches, dizziness and nausea. Female representatives also note a breakdown, emotional stress. With the onset of menstruation, the tendency to depressive disorders and weakening of the body increases.

In addition to the characteristic symptoms of premenstrual syndrome, there are also causes that contribute to this.

The beginning of menstruation for every girl is an important event for which she mentally prepares in advance. Modern teenagers are well acquainted with this physiological process. Moms tell someone about it, someone reads about it on the Internet, some hear from girlfriends. Usually, girls under the age of ten themselves begin to be interested in this from their mothers, and rightly so. After all, a loved one will try to “intelligibly” explain to his child how this process takes place and how to prepare for it. Only one question torments all girls, how to find out when the first menstruation begins.

Before the start of menstruation, the mother should talk about it with her daughter

The menstrual cycle is a periodic hormonal changes associated with the characteristics of the female body. Thanks to him, the body prepares for fertilization. The duration of this period is different for everyone.

The ideal cycle is 28 days (counted from the first day of one menstruation to the start of the next). However, normally it can be from 21 to 35 days.

For every woman, the cycle should be regular, deviations of only three days are allowed. Therefore, doctors recommend that women mark the first day of menstruation on the calendar. You should be aware that during the first year the menstrual cycle may not be constant. Breaks between bleeding can be up to two or even more months.

The duration of monthly bleeding is normally from two to seven days. During one menstruation, a woman loses on average about 40 ml of blood, some up to 80 ml. The menstrual cycle begins in adolescence and continues until a woman reaches menopause.

At the first menstruation, bleeding is usually not very intense.

What are the main signs of the imminent onset of menstruation

Symptoms of approaching menstruation in girls are noticeable even a year before the onset of bleeding. Signs of approaching menstruation in girls are listed in the table below.

Approximately a few years before the onset of menstruation.	For several months.	Signs that appear a week or a few days before the event.
Enlargement (swelling) of the breast.	Clear, white or yellowish discharge on panties that is odorless. If there is a discharge of a different color or with an unpleasant odor, then it is necessary to consult a gynecologist.	Tearfulness.
The appearance of hair in intimate places.		Apathy.
Hip expansion.		Mood changes.
Some girls develop acne on the skin of the face.		Headaches.
		Aggression.
		Pain in the lower abdomen.

Symptoms of PMS in teenagers are the same as in an adult woman. However, girls perceive these signs brighter and more emotionally.

What happens to the ovaries before menstruation

Puberty occurs after luteinizing and follicle-stimulating hormones begin to be produced in the hypothalamus and pituitary gland. Thanks to them, the formation of estrogens begins in the ovaries. At the same time, significant changes occur in the reproductive system. The maturation of eggs and ovulation occurs, the endometrium develops. This leads to the possibility of conception. The quantitative content of hormones, which is inherent in menstrual cycles, begins to change.

The first time there may be pain in the ovaries

At the same time, both during menstruation and during them, the ovaries are able to remind themselves of unusual sensations. During these time intervals, a pulling nature of pain may appear. However, they should not be very pronounced and long. Otherwise, when the pain is quite strong, you need to contact a gynecologist, as they may indicate a pathology.

If conception does not occur, then menstruation occurs. There is a degradation of the egg, which disintegrates. One of its parts is called the corpus luteum, which produces progesterone. This substance is already necessary for the future cycle. When such a hormone is not produced enough, a partial separation of the endometrium occurs. This leads to discomfort in the lower abdomen a week before the expected event. This circumstance helps to find out when the girl will begin her period. In addition, you need to learn to “hear” your body.

When does the first period start?

Usually the first menstruation in girls occurs at the age of 12 - 13 years. However, due to physiological characteristics, this moment can come both earlier and later. The norm of their beginning is 10 - 16 years. In another case, it is recommended to visit a gynecologist.

When your period starts depends on your genetics.

The onset of menstruation is influenced by a large number of factors, including:

• physical development;
• transferred pathologies;
• hereditary factor;
• accommodations;
• nutrition.

There are girls who, in terms of their physical development, are far ahead of their peers. In this case, menstruation may begin earlier than the due date, which is a normal situation. Genetics also play a big role.

If the mother and other women in the family began menstruation at the age of 16, then it is likely that the daughter will also start bleeding at this age.

What affects the onset of menstruation

As already noted, menstruation in girls occurs between the ages of 10 and 16 years. Its occurrence is influenced by many factors. In the case of an incorrect lifestyle, menstruation can begin either earlier or much later than the due date.

Girls should have plenty of vitamin D in their diet.

With hormonal disruptions, malnutrition, excess weight or its constant fluctuation (obesity, then a sharp weight loss), the girl may have early menstruation. Vitamin D is of great importance for the body of a teenager. With its deficiency, girls often begin menstruation before the age of 9 years.

Adolescents who have had infectious diseases often experience disruption of the ovaries, as well as the endometrium. In this case, menstruation may begin later than the due date. Other factors can also contribute to this problem, for example:

• exhausting diets (starvation);
• constant stress;
• hard, exhausting workouts;
• overweight or underweight;
• unfavorable environment.

Often, bleeding occurs later in short and excessively thin girls. With a small weight, the girl’s body lacks adipose tissue, and estrogen (sex hormone) ceases to be produced in sufficient quantities.

Very thin girls may have trouble getting their period.

How is the first menstruation

The first bleeding for a girl is a very difficult situation. Unpleasant, unusual sensations and the need to change the pad several times a day torment the teenager. In the period from the first to the third day, the most severe bleeding occurs, which have a specific smell. During this period, one should not forget about personal hygiene, not only because of the "aroma", but also because it can lead to inflammation of the genitourinary system.

From the third or fourth day, the amount of blood released decreases, the pain disappears, and the girl begins to feel much better. In this regard, we must learn to determine when the first day of menstruation comes.

When to See a Doctor

When the first “critical days” appear, it is not necessary to regularly consult a gynecologist. The first appointment with this doctor is usually at the age of 15. If the girl had an early sexual experience, then visits to the gynecology should be regular.

You will find signs of the first menstruation in this video:

A visit to the doctor should follow with the following symptoms:

• unpleasant odor of discharge, itching;
• heavy bleeding;
• the duration of menstruation is one or more than seven days;
• breaks between menstruation in the first year for more than three months;
• the presence of large, like grapes, blood clots.

If menstruation does not start at the age of 15 - 16, you should consult a gynecologist and take all possible measures for their onset.

The schedule of the OGE and GVE for graduates of the 9th grade for 2020 has been published

The USE and GVE schedule for graduates of the 11th grade for 2020 is published on the official website of the regional information processing center of the city of Moscow.

Examinations are held in early, main and additional periods, each of which provides for reserve periods.

early period

In the early period, exams are held at will for all categories of participants in the USE and GVE, but not earlier than March 1. For participants of the OGE, GVE, exams are held no earlier than April 20, if the participants have good reasons, documented.

In 2020, the early period for graduates of the 11th grade will be held from May 25 to June 29, for graduates of the 9th grade - from April 21 to May 16.

Main Period

During the main period, all categories of participants in the OGE, USE and GVE can take exams. For graduates of previous years, the Unified State Examination and the GVE are held on the reserve dates of the main period.

In 2020, the main period for graduates of the 11th grade will be held from May 25 to June 29, for graduates of the 9th grade - from May 22 to June 30.

Additional period (September terms)

At this stage, graduates of the current year are given the right to take the Unified State Examination in mathematics at the basic level and the Russian language or the GVE in mathematics and the Russian language, if they received unsatisfactory results in these subjects, or received an unsatisfactory result in one of these subjects again during the reserve period of the main period.

The OGE and GVE-9 in the additional period are taken by ninth graders who have received unsatisfactory results in more than two academic subjects, or who have not retaken one or two subjects in the reserve terms of the main period.

In 2020, an additional period for graduates of the 11th grade will be held from September 4 to 22, for graduates of the 9th grade - from September 4 to 18.

2. What is the difference between the USE, OGE and GVE?

The state final certification (GIA) is carried out in the form of the main state exam (OGE), the unified state exam (USE) and the state final exam (GVE).

GIA in the form of OGE(main state exam) is held for ninth-graders in two compulsory subjects (Russian language and mathematics) and two elective subjects: physics, chemistry, computer science and information and communication technologies (ICT), biology, history, geography, English, German, French, Spanish, Literature, Social Studies. The results of the OGE, GVE-9 are evaluated on a five-point scale. Successful completion of the OGE gives the right to receive a certificate of basic general education and continue education at a school or organization of secondary vocational education.

Participants with

"> disabled people are given the right to take the OGE only in the Russian language and mathematics.

GIA in the form of the exam(unified state exam) in compulsory subjects (Russian language and mathematics - basic or profile level) and elective subjects: physics, chemistry, computer science and ICT, biology, history, geography, English, German, French, Spanish, Chinese language, literature, social studies.

Graduates of 11 (12) grades, graduates of previous years, students of secondary vocational education (SVE) programs, students of foreign educational organizations, students who have not passed the GIA, students of 10 classes in separate subjects, the study of which is completed, can take the exam.

The results of the USE are evaluated on a 100-point scale (mathematics of the basic level - on a five-point scale). To obtain a certificate of secondary general education, it is enough to get the minimum number of points in the Russian language and mathematics (basic or profile level).

The results of the USE are taken into account by higher educational institutions as the results of entrance examinations (except for mathematics at the basic level).

GIA in the form of GVE(state final exam) instead of the exam or the exam, participants with Persons with disabilities, children with disabilities, people with disabilities, as well as home-schooled students for health reasons, take the GIA under special conditions.

According to the conclusion of the medical organization and on the recommendation of the psychological, medical and pedagogical commission, the exam can be organized at home or in a medical organization.

"\u003e Disabled Health Opportunities (HIA). At the request of participants, the GVE in all subjects can be carried out in written or oral form. To obtain a certificate for grade 9 or 11, a participant with disabilities only needs to get positive results of exams in Russian language and mathematics.

Winners or prize-winners of the final stage of the All-Russian Olympiad for schoolchildren of the current academic year, as well as members of the national teams of the Russian Federation who participated in international Olympiads, are exempted from passing the GIA in a subject corresponding to the profile of the Olympiad.

3. How to get admission to the GIA?

5. How to register for participation in the GIA?